The area that is modern-day Ethiopia is rich in cultural and religious diversity with more than 80 ethnic groups. The...

A Swazi kingdom was founded in the mid-18th century and ruled by a series of kings, including MSWATI II, a 19th century...

Eritrea won independence from Italian colonial control in 1941, but the UN only established it as an autonomous region within...

Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area...

The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and...

Present-day Djibouti was the site of the medieval Ifat and Adal Sultanates. In the late 19th century, the Afar sultans...

Various small kingdoms ruled the area of Cote d'Ivoire between the 15th and 19th centuries, when European explorers arrived and...

Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. From 1968 to...

Bantu, Sudanic, and other migrants from West and Northeastern Africa arrived in the Congo River Basin between 2000 B.C. and...

For centuries prior to colonization in the 19th century, the Comoros archipelago in the Indian Ocean served as a key...

Chad emerged from a collection of powerful states that controlled the Sahelian belt starting around the 9th century. These states focused...