Duck farming is a profitable agribusiness in Kenya, particularly for those interested in producing eggs and meat for both commercial and domestic consumption. Here’s a breakdown of essential information on duck farming in Kenya:
Breeds of Ducks Reared in Kenya
There are several breeds of ducks raised in Kenya for egg and meat production. Some common breeds include:
- Ancona Duck: Known for its egg production.
- Indian Runner: A prolific egg layer, often used for commercial egg production.
- Pekin Duck: Primarily raised for meat production.
- Muscovy Duck: Popular for meat production, with distinct red facial features.
- The Campbell: Renowned for both meat and egg production.
Housing of Ducks
Ducks don’t require complex housing systems. The essential requirements are:
- Ventilation: The housing must be well-ventilated to ensure airflow and prevent the buildup of moisture.
- Security: Proper fencing or secure housing is needed to protect ducks from predators.
- Protection from Direct Sunlight: The house should face away from direct sunlight to prevent overheating.
- Ducks can be housed in simple, affordable structures as long as these key factors are met.
Duck Farming Systems
There are three main systems for rearing ducks in Kenya:
- Backyard System: Ducks are allowed to roam freely around a water body, foraging for food, and laying eggs. This is suitable for small-scale farmers.
- Extensive System: Ducks are allowed to feed outdoors on fields, such as paddocks, after egg collection.
- Intensive System: Ducks are confined to a controlled environment where they are fed specific amounts of food, with access to a particular water source. This system is often used for commercial egg and meat production.
Feeding of Ducks
Ducks are omnivorous and can feed on a variety of foods, including:
- Pellet Feeds and Commercial Feeds: Providing a balanced diet.
- Kitchen Waste and Rich Bran: Ducks can also eat food scraps, reducing feed costs.
- Scavenging: Ducks enjoy foraging for snails, bugs, and other edible items found outdoors.
For young ducklings, ensure they are provided with food rich in calcium and protein to promote healthy growth.
Maturity and Hatching
- Egg Laying: Ducks typically lay one egg per day.
- Incubation: Duck eggs take around 28 days to hatch, provided that optimal conditions are met.
- Ducklings’ Growth: Ducklings generally take about 30 days to fully grow and mature.
Advantages of Rearing Ducks
- Economic Egg Production: Ducks have a longer productive egg-laying life compared to other poultry birds.
- Hardiness: Ducks are resistant to most avian diseases, making them easier to manage.
- Natural Pest Control: Ducks help eliminate snails, fleas, and grasshoppers, reducing the need for chemical pest control.
- Low Capital Requirement: Ducks can feed on a wide variety of foods, reducing the cost of commercial feeds.
Market for Ducks in Kenya
There is a significant demand for both duck eggs and duck meat in Kenya. Duck products are popular in:
- Local Markets: Duck eggs are sold for around Kshs 30 per egg, while duck meat can fetch Kshs 450 per kilo or more.
- Restaurants and Hotels: Many restaurants specialize in duck dishes, creating a niche market for farmers.
Farmers can sell their products directly to local markets or enter contracts with restaurants and hotels for bulk supply.
Conclusion
Duck farming offers great potential in Kenya, especially for those who can manage to raise ducks in a cost-effective manner. With their hardiness, quick growth, and high demand for their products, ducks present an excellent opportunity for both small-scale and commercial farming.
