Eucalyptus farming is a profitable agribusiness in Kenya, with approximately 100,000 hectares of land dedicated to the cultivation of eucalyptus trees. Eucalypts are highly valued for various products such as timber, fuelwood, plywood, fencing poles, and electricity transmission poles. They are a significant part of the forest industry in Kenya.
Major Eucalyptus Growing Areas in Kenya
Eucalyptus trees are grown across various regions in Kenya, with the following areas being the primary contributors:
- Western Region
- Parts of Eastern Kenya
- Central Rift Valley
- Central Kenya
- Coastal Region
Varieties of Eucalyptus Grown in Kenya
There are several eucalyptus species cultivated in Kenya, each serving different purposes based on their growth characteristics:
- Eucalyptus grandis – Known for fast growth and used for timber.
- Eucalyptus saligna – Used for timber and fuelwood.
- Eucalyptus camaldolensis – Grown for fuelwood and timber.
- Eucalyptus globulus – Known for its fast growth and used for timber and pulpwood.
- Eucalyptus regnans – A tall-growing species used for timber.
- Eucalyptus paniculata – Grown for timber production.
- Eucalyptus maculata – Known for its fast-growing nature and used in various wood products.
- Eucalyptus citriodora – Popular for its essential oils.
Propagation of Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus trees can be propagated in two main ways: through seeds or vegetative propagation (cuttings).
Propagation by Seeds
- The seeds are collected from well-developed capsules from the crowns of mature trees.
- The seeds are then germinated in a seedbed for about 7-10 days.
- After germination, the seedlings are transplanted when they reach 30 cm in height, typically after 3 months.
Vegetative Propagation
- This method involves using cuttings from mature trees or young seedlings (1-2 years old).
- The cuttings are rooted, which usually begins after 2-3 weeks.
Land Preparation
- Land must be thoroughly ploughed and prepared before planting.
- Proper weeding is essential since young eucalyptus plants are highly sensitive to weeds.
- The best time to prepare land is during the dry season to avoid issues with weed growth.
Planting
- Planting should commence at the onset of rains to ensure better survival of the seedlings.
- The ideal planting spacing is 3×3 meters. However, the spacing can vary depending on the intended purpose of the eucalyptus trees, whether for timber, fuelwood, or poles.
Pests and Diseases
Eucalyptus trees are susceptible to several pests and diseases, including:
- Pests: Termites and snout beetles.
- Diseases:
- Mycosphaerella
- Powdery mildew
- Mycosphaerella leaf spot
Harvesting
The time for harvesting eucalyptus depends on the intended use:
- Transmission poles should be harvested after 10-12 years.
- Timber is harvested after 15-20 years.
Market for Eucalyptus in Kenya
There is a robust market for eucalyptus products in Kenya, including:
- Paper mills and other industries for fuelwood or raw materials.
- Hardware stores for fencing posts, plywood, and transmission poles.
Eucalyptus farming provides a steady income, especially given the high demand for the various products derived from the trees. With proper management, eucalyptus farming can be a long-term and lucrative agribusiness venture in Kenya.
