Grapes, known for their sweetness and versatility, are increasingly gaining attention among Kenyan farmers. Grapes can be consumed as fresh fruits or processed into products like wine, juice, and raisins, making them a high-value crop. Grapes farming in Kenya holds great potential, especially in areas such as Meru, Bungoma, and Naivasha.
Popular Varieties of Grapes in Kenya
Farmers in Kenya grow several varieties of grapes, each suited to specific purposes:
- French Grapes (Vinifera): The most common variety in Kenya, also widely grown globally.
- American Grapes: Known for their adaptability.
- Mediterranean Grapes: Thrive in warm climates.
Ecological Requirements for Grapes Farming
To grow grapes successfully, the following conditions should be met:
- Soil: Any well-drained soil can support grape farming.
- Air Circulation: Essential to prevent fungal infections on grape vines.
- Irrigation: Necessary in areas with low rainfall.
- Soil pH: Around 5.0.
- Temperature: Warm to hot conditions are ideal for grape growth.
Planting and Propagation
Propagation Methods
Grapes can be propagated through seeds or cuttings, though seedlings from established nurseries are preferred for higher success rates.
Planting Guidelines:
- If using cuttings, soak the roots in water for about 2 hours before planting.
- Spacing: Maintain 6-10 feet between vines.
- Planting holes: Should be 12 inches deep and 12 inches wide.
- Provide support structures, such as trellises, for vines to grow effectively.
Important Note:
- During the first year, avoid letting the vines produce fruits to strengthen the root system.
- Grapes are self-fertile; fertilizers are unnecessary in the first year unless the soil is infertile.
Bird Protection:
Use mesh nets to protect the grapes from birds, which are a common threat to the crop.
Harvesting Grapes
- Grapes begin to yield fruit within one year, but maximum productivity is achieved after about four years.
- Grapes are ready for harvesting when they are fully ripe and can be crushed easily.
- Harvesting occurs twice a year, and each vine can produce up to 15kg of grapes.
Market for Grapes in Kenya
Despite the potential, grape production in Kenya remains low, with most grapes consumed locally being imported. However, there is significant demand in:
- Local Markets: Open-air markets and grocery stores.
- High-End Supermarkets: Grapes sell for Ksh 300-400 per kg.
- Processing Companies: Companies like Kenya Wine Agencies (KWAL), which produce wine, provide a lucrative market for grape farmers.
The Future of Grapes Farming in Kenya
With the right farming practices, marketing, and connections to processors, grape farming presents a lucrative agribusiness opportunity for Kenyan farmers. The crop’s versatility and high market value make it an attractive option for those looking to diversify their farming ventures.
