Watermelon farming is a lucrative venture in Kenya, especially in hot regions like Kajiado, Makueni, Machakos, and parts of the Coastal region. With its refreshing taste and high nutritional value, watermelon remains a favorite fruit among Kenyans, ensuring consistent demand in local and urban markets.
Popular Watermelon Varieties in Kenya
Kenyan farmers grow several watermelon varieties, each suited to different climatic and soil conditions:
- Zuri F1
- Sukari F1
- Kubwa F1
- Sugar Baby
- Crimson Sweet
- Sweet Rose F1
Ecological Conditions for Watermelon Farming
Watermelons thrive under specific ecological conditions:
- Altitude: Up to 1,500m above sea level.
- Temperature: 15-30°C.
- Soil: Well-drained loamy soils rich in nutrients.
- Rainfall: 600mm per season.
- Sunlight: At least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Land Preparation
Prepare the land early to allow weeds to decompose. Proper land preparation ensures better soil aeration and nutrient availability for the crop.
Planting Process
Watermelons are propagated by seeds, which can either be planted directly in the field or first raised in a nursery bed.
Steps for Planting:
- Seed Germination: Seeds take about 7 days to germinate.
- Soil Preparation: Mix soil with organic manure and fertilizers like DAP for optimal nutrient supply.
- Planting Depth and Spacing: Sow seeds 2-4 cm deep with a spacing of 1.5m by 1m.
Farm Management Practices
- Weeding:
- Regular weeding is crucial as weeds compete for nutrients.
- Use hand weeding or shallow cultivation to maintain a weed-free farm.
- Pest and Disease Management:
Common Pests:
- Cutworms, melon flies, red spider mites, whiteflies, leaf miners, aphids, thrips, and nematodes.
Common Diseases:
- Damping Off
- Powdery Mildew
- Anthracnose
- Watermelon Mosaic
- Leaf Spots
- Fusarium Wilt
Control Measures:
- Use foliar sprays.
- Practice crop rotation.
Harvesting Watermelons
Watermelons are ready for harvesting after 3-4 months, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
Harvesting Indicators:
- The watermelon’s skin changes from white to pale yellow.
- Cracking of the stem is another sign of maturity.
Harvesting Tips:
- Harvest early in the morning when temperatures are cool.
Yield: An acre of land can produce 20-35 tons of watermelon.
Watermelon Market in Kenya
Watermelons are in high demand across Kenya, offering multiple market opportunities:
- Open-Air Markets: Major outlets for locally grown watermelons.
- High-End Supermarkets: Serve urban consumers.
- Grocery Stores and Hotels: Popular for fresh fruit supplies.
- Institutions: Schools and restaurants are consistent buyers.
Pricing:
- Prices vary by region and demand. On average, watermelon sells for Ksh 100 per kg.
Watermelon farming offers a high return on investment for Kenyan farmers, especially with proper farm management practices and access to the right markets. Its adaptability to various climates and consistent demand make it an excellent choice for agribusiness.
