Capsicum, commonly referred to as Pilipili hoho in Kenya, is a tender warm-season crop grown as a vegetable or spice. Its versatility and nutritional benefits make it a popular choice among farmers and consumers alike.
Key Capsicum Growing Areas in Kenya
Capsicum thrives in several parts of Kenya, particularly in warm regions such as:
- Coastal Region
- Eastern Region
It can also be grown in cooler areas with proper management and greenhouse farming techniques.
Nutritional Benefits of Capsicum
Capsicum is highly nutritious, offering the following health benefits:
- Dietary Fiber: Supports digestion and gut health.
- Rich in Vitamins: Contains vitamins B6, A, and C, essential for lowering homocysteine levels, boosting immunity, and improving vision.
- Antioxidants: Helps protect cells from damage.
- Potassium: Regulates blood pressure.
- Anti-inflammatory Properties: Reduces inflammation in the body.
Popular Varieties of Capsicum in Kenya
Farmers can choose from various capsicum varieties, including:
- Green Bell F1
- Commandat F1
- Maxibel
- California Wonder
- Ilanga F1
- Admiral F1
- Buffalo F1
- Pasarella F1
- Yolo Wonder
Ecological Requirements for Capsicum Farming
Capsicum can be grown indoors in greenhouses or outdoors, depending on the variety and climatic conditions:
- Altitude: Grows well up to 2,000 metres above sea level.
- Soil: Requires well-drained and aerated soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5.
- Rainfall: Approximately 800-1,200mm annually.
- Temperature:
- 16-21°C for fruit setting.
- 15-17°C (night) and 24-30°C (day) for fruit development.
Steps for Planting Capsicum
- Propagation:
- Capsicum is propagated from seeds, which must first be raised in a nursery bed about 1 metre wide.
- Planting:
- Seeds are planted at a depth of 2cm, lightly covered with soil, and allowed to germinate.
- Germination occurs within 2-3 weeks, depending on the variety and climatic conditions.
- Transplanting:
- Once the seedlings are ready, they are transplanted to the main field or greenhouse.
- Farm Management:
- Regular weeding and fertilization are crucial for healthy growth.
- Pests and diseases must be controlled early to ensure maximum yield.
Capsicum farming in Kenya is a profitable venture with a ready market in both local and export sectors. With proper care, ecological management, and pest control, farmers can enjoy high yields and sustainable income.
