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Agriculture

Capsicum Farming in Kenya: A Profitable Venture

Capsicum, commonly referred to as Pilipili hoho in Kenya, is a tender warm-season crop grown as a vegetable or spice. Its versatility and nutritional benefits make it a popular choice among farmers and consumers alike.


Key Capsicum Growing Areas in Kenya

Capsicum thrives in several parts of Kenya, particularly in warm regions such as:

  • Coastal Region
  • Eastern Region

It can also be grown in cooler areas with proper management and greenhouse farming techniques.


Nutritional Benefits of Capsicum

Capsicum is highly nutritious, offering the following health benefits:

  1. Dietary Fiber: Supports digestion and gut health.
  2. Rich in Vitamins: Contains vitamins B6, A, and C, essential for lowering homocysteine levels, boosting immunity, and improving vision.
  3. Antioxidants: Helps protect cells from damage.
  4. Potassium: Regulates blood pressure.
  5. Anti-inflammatory Properties: Reduces inflammation in the body.

Popular Varieties of Capsicum in Kenya

Farmers can choose from various capsicum varieties, including:

  • Green Bell F1
  • Commandat F1
  • Maxibel
  • California Wonder
  • Ilanga F1
  • Admiral F1
  • Buffalo F1
  • Pasarella F1
  • Yolo Wonder

Ecological Requirements for Capsicum Farming

Capsicum can be grown indoors in greenhouses or outdoors, depending on the variety and climatic conditions:

  • Altitude: Grows well up to 2,000 metres above sea level.
  • Soil: Requires well-drained and aerated soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5.
  • Rainfall: Approximately 800-1,200mm annually.
  • Temperature:
    • 16-21°C for fruit setting.
    • 15-17°C (night) and 24-30°C (day) for fruit development.

Steps for Planting Capsicum

  1. Propagation:
    • Capsicum is propagated from seeds, which must first be raised in a nursery bed about 1 metre wide.
  2. Planting:
    • Seeds are planted at a depth of 2cm, lightly covered with soil, and allowed to germinate.
    • Germination occurs within 2-3 weeks, depending on the variety and climatic conditions.
  3. Transplanting:
    • Once the seedlings are ready, they are transplanted to the main field or greenhouse.
  4. Farm Management:
    • Regular weeding and fertilization are crucial for healthy growth.
    • Pests and diseases must be controlled early to ensure maximum yield.

Capsicum farming in Kenya is a profitable venture with a ready market in both local and export sectors. With proper care, ecological management, and pest control, farmers can enjoy high yields and sustainable income.

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