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Agriculture

Dairy Farming In Kenya

Dairy farming in Kenya is a vital agricultural activity and the largest sub-sector, contributing significantly to the country’s agricultural GDP. Below is a detailed guide on important aspects to consider before starting dairy farming in Kenya.

Key Considerations Before Venturing into Dairy Farming:

  1. Fertile Land: Land should be suitable for growing fodder to feed the cows.
  2. Availability of Markets: There should be ready markets for dairy products such as milk, butter, and cheese.
  3. Climatic Conditions: The climate should be conducive to dairy farming, with a consistent water supply and adequate temperature for the cattle.
  4. Good Housing for Cows: Proper housing ensures the cows are comfortable and protected from harsh weather.
  5. Supply of Water: Dairy cattle require sufficient clean water for hydration and milk production.
  6. Proper Breed Selection: Choose high-yielding dairy breeds to ensure good production.
  7. Health Management: Regular veterinary care is crucial for maintaining herd health.
  8. Availability of Feeds: Sufficient feed should be available for good milk production, including supplements.
  9. Production System: The chosen system (open grazing, intensive, or semi-intensive) impacts farm management.

Common Dairy Breeds Raised in Kenya:

  1. Jersey: Produces 15-20 litres of milk daily.
  2. Ayrshire: Can produce about 20 litres daily.
  3. Fleckvieh: Known for 18-20 litres of milk daily and can be reared for beef.
  4. Guernsey: A fast-growing breed that can yield 25 litres of milk daily.
  5. Friesian: Known for high milk production, yielding 25-30 litres daily.

Housing for Dairy Cattle:

Dairy cattle need spacious, comfortable housing that protects them from the weather. The housing should also include:

  • Milking Machines: For efficient milking.
  • Feeding Facilities: To ensure proper nutrition.
  • Waste Management Systems: To maintain hygiene.

Feeding Dairy Cattle:

Dairy animals require well-balanced feeds to support high milk production. These include:

  • Dry Forages: Such as hay.
  • Wet Forages: Like silage.
  • Commercial Dairy Meals: Such as wheat bran and seed cakes.
  • Supplements and Water: For nutritional balance.

Dairy Farming Systems in Kenya:

  1. Open Grazing System: Cows roam freely in the fields.
  2. Intensive System: Cows are fully housed and not allowed to graze.
  3. Semi-Intensive System: A mixed system where cows are partly zero-grazed and partly allowed to roam.

Dairy Market in Kenya:

There is a high demand for dairy products in Kenya, particularly milk. The informal milk market is substantial, with a litre of milk selling for about Kshs 70.

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