Dairy farming in Kenya is a vital agricultural activity and the largest sub-sector, contributing significantly to the country’s agricultural GDP. Below is a detailed guide on important aspects to consider before starting dairy farming in Kenya.
Key Considerations Before Venturing into Dairy Farming:
- Fertile Land: Land should be suitable for growing fodder to feed the cows.
- Availability of Markets: There should be ready markets for dairy products such as milk, butter, and cheese.
- Climatic Conditions: The climate should be conducive to dairy farming, with a consistent water supply and adequate temperature for the cattle.
- Good Housing for Cows: Proper housing ensures the cows are comfortable and protected from harsh weather.
- Supply of Water: Dairy cattle require sufficient clean water for hydration and milk production.
- Proper Breed Selection: Choose high-yielding dairy breeds to ensure good production.
- Health Management: Regular veterinary care is crucial for maintaining herd health.
- Availability of Feeds: Sufficient feed should be available for good milk production, including supplements.
- Production System: The chosen system (open grazing, intensive, or semi-intensive) impacts farm management.
Common Dairy Breeds Raised in Kenya:
- Jersey: Produces 15-20 litres of milk daily.
- Ayrshire: Can produce about 20 litres daily.
- Fleckvieh: Known for 18-20 litres of milk daily and can be reared for beef.
- Guernsey: A fast-growing breed that can yield 25 litres of milk daily.
- Friesian: Known for high milk production, yielding 25-30 litres daily.
Housing for Dairy Cattle:
Dairy cattle need spacious, comfortable housing that protects them from the weather. The housing should also include:
- Milking Machines: For efficient milking.
- Feeding Facilities: To ensure proper nutrition.
- Waste Management Systems: To maintain hygiene.
Feeding Dairy Cattle:
Dairy animals require well-balanced feeds to support high milk production. These include:
- Dry Forages: Such as hay.
- Wet Forages: Like silage.
- Commercial Dairy Meals: Such as wheat bran and seed cakes.
- Supplements and Water: For nutritional balance.
Dairy Farming Systems in Kenya:
- Open Grazing System: Cows roam freely in the fields.
- Intensive System: Cows are fully housed and not allowed to graze.
- Semi-Intensive System: A mixed system where cows are partly zero-grazed and partly allowed to roam.
Dairy Market in Kenya:
There is a high demand for dairy products in Kenya, particularly milk. The informal milk market is substantial, with a litre of milk selling for about Kshs 70.
