CIA World FactBook

Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with...

The Isle of Man was part of the Norwegian Kingdom of the Hebrides until the...

Celtic tribes arrived in Ireland between 600 and 150 B.C. Norse invasions that began in...

Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th...

Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a...

Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a...

Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of...

Greece won independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830 and became a kingdom. During the...

After declaring independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, Albania experienced a period of political...

Spain reluctantly ceded the strategically important Gibraltar to Great Britain in the 1713 Treaty of...

As Europe's largest economy and second most-populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member...