The Consolidated Fund in Kenya is the main bank account of the national government, established under Article 206 of the Kenyan Constitution. It is used to collect and manage all revenue received or raised by the national government, ensuring accountability and proper public finance management.
📌 1. Key Features of the Consolidated Fund
🔹 Source of Funds:
- All tax revenue collected by the national government.
- Money from loans and grants received by the government.
- Other public funds not assigned to a specific purpose by Parliament.
🔹 Administration:
- Managed by the National Treasury.
- Maintained in the National Exchequer Account at the Central Bank of Kenya.
🔹 Withdrawal Conditions:
Money can only be withdrawn if authorized by:
✅ An Appropriation Act passed by Parliament.
✅ Articles 222 or 223 of the Constitution (for expenditure before budget approval or supplementary budgets).
✅ The Controller of Budget (must approve all withdrawals).
📌 2. Uses of the Consolidated Fund
✔ Financing public services – funds are allocated to ministries, departments, and agencies.
✔ Debt servicing – payment of Kenya’s public debt.
✔ Equitable revenue sharing – counties receive funds from the Consolidated Fund through the County Revenue Fund.
📌 3. Safeguards & Financial Controls
🔹 Controller of Budget Oversight:
- No money can be withdrawn unless the Controller of Budget approves.
- The National Treasury must submit a formal request for withdrawal.
🔹 Parliamentary Oversight:
- Appropriation Acts passed by Parliament dictate how money is spent.
- Parliament ensures funds are not misused through budget approvals and audits.
🔹 Central Bank of Kenya Role:
- Once approved, CBK releases funds as per the National Treasury’s instructions.
- The Exchequer Account cannot be overdrawn.
📌 Conclusion
The Consolidated Fund ensures all national revenue is centrally managed and allocated legally, preventing financial mismanagement. It plays a vital role in Kenya’s public finance system, guaranteeing fiscal discipline, debt servicing, and equitable resource allocation.
